Trusted on major UK infrastructure projects
PROTEST › Thermal modelling

Predict the pour before you cast it

Temperature and strength prediction for the actual mix in the actual section — peak temperature and differential predicted to within about two degrees, before anyone is on site.

Concrete frames Post-tensioning Cold weather Thermal monitoring Precast Major civils
±2 °C
prediction vs measured pours
Before the pour
while the mix can still change
Peak & differential
modelled against your limits
CIRIA C766
crack widths where required

The easiest way to fix a crack is before it happens

Once concrete is in the ground, the levers left are insulation, cooling and when you strike. They work, but they are reactive and every one of them costs programme. The decisions that actually govern peak temperature and differential — binder content, cement type, SCM replacement, placing temperature, section thickness, striking sequence — are all made before anyone is on site.

Thermal modelling moves the question to where those decisions are still cheap to change. It answers whether a proposed mix in a proposed section will stay inside its limits, and if not, which variable to change and by how much.

Modelling the actual section

Most early-age thermal assessment in the UK is done with simplified spreadsheet methods — the analytical approaches set out in CIRIA C766 and its predecessors. They are well established and appropriate for a great many sections.

CONTEST is purpose-built prediction software. It complements those methods rather than replacing them: instead of working from a standard case, it computes how temperature develops through the actual section over time. That matters most where the simplified methods are weakest: complex geometry, changing boundary conditions, staged pours, and sections where the critical face is not the obvious one.

The model accounts for the heat of hydration of the actual binder, the geometry of the element, and the boundary conditions around it — formwork type, insulation, ground contact and the ambient temperature profile expected at the time of the pour.

Accuracy: within about ±2 °C against measured pours. That figure is what makes the model usable as a decision tool rather than an indication — a predicted peak of 63 °C against a 65 °C limit means something, and so does a predicted differential a few degrees inside its limit.

What it needs

Two things: the mix designs under consideration, and the element dimensions. From those the binder's heat output and the section's thermal behaviour can both be established.

What it produces

  • Predicted peak temperature, against the specified limit
  • Predicted core-to-surface differential through the pour, against the limit for the aggregate and section
  • A thermal control plan — insulation, formwork retention, striking sequence
  • Where a mix will not comply, which variable to change: binder content, cement type, SCM replacement, or placing temperature
  • Supporting evidence where a project-specific peak temperature limit is being proposed above the conservative NSCS default

Crack width

Where the question is not just temperature but whether the element will crack and how wide, the predicted thermal result feeds a crack width assessment carried out to CIRIA C766. The model gives the temperature history and differentials; the C766 method then takes restraint, strain capacity and reinforcement to crack spacing and width.

A prediction you can check against the pour

A model tells you what should happen. PROTEST records what did. Because the prediction is accurate to within about two degrees, the comparison between the two is meaningful rather than indicative — and that turns monitoring into something more useful than a compliance record.

When measured behaviour diverges from the model, something on site is not as specified. The mix delivered may not be the mix designed, insulation may not have gone on as planned, or a face may be losing heat faster than assumed. A thermal history that departs from its prediction is an early warning, and a more direct one than waiting on sample testing.

CONTEST, from OTB Concrete

The modelling described here is delivered by OTB Concrete's engineering team as CONTEST — temperature and strength prediction for thermally sensitive structures. PROTEST is the monitoring half of it: where a project takes CONTEST, PROTEST is installed and managed as part of the service, so the prediction and the verification come from the same place.

PROTEST is also available on its own, for teams who already have their thermal control plan and need the monitoring and compliance record to go with it.

The full service

Early-age thermal analysis, differential predictions, thermal control plans and compliance reporting against specification limits — with PROTEST installed and managed as part of it.

CONTEST — temperature & strength prediction at OTB Concrete
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